1953--James Watson and Francis Crick receive the Nobel Prize in Medicine after presenting their research results in the paper, "A Structure for Deoxyribonucleic Acid."

1968--David Camp receives the first bone marrow transplant.

1971--Birth of David Vetter (1971-1983), the "bubble boy."

1981--First transgenetic animal created with a viral gene inserted into the DNA of a mouse.

1986--Department of Energy recognizes need for a normal genetic baseline.

1990--First gene therapy procedure performed on Ashanthi DeSilva.

1990--Official beginning of the Human Genome Project jointly led in the United States by the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.

1993--Taylor Dahley is the first in utero stem cell transplantation treatment recipient for severe combined immune deficiency.